Figure 3 from Sonography in pathologies of scalp and hair. | Semantic Scholar (2025)

In this chapter, the potential of ultrasound in the evaluation of diseases of the scalp and hair is presented and a wide spectrum of scalp conditions are discussed.

The normal sonographic anatomy of the skin, nail, and hair is reviewed, some technical considerations, and common dermatologic entities are reviewed.

The aim of this study was to establish the characteristics of ultrasound images in healthy individuals and to compare them to selected trichoscopic parameters.

The ultrasound morphology of the skin layers, appendages, and adjacent structures in correlation with the histological findings is provided.

High frequency ultrasound study of the scalp, for which the name of "trichosonography" is proposed, may represent a valuable technique in the evaluation of both clinical and subclinical abnormalities of the hair follicle and the innermost layers of the skin, which are otherwise inaccessible to trichoscopy.

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Technical guidelines for scalp surgery most compatible with maximum functional/cosmetic benefit and complication-free results are established to establish technical guidelines for surgical anatomy of the scalp.

Sonography is a noninvasive imaging method that can reliably detect common benign tumors and pseudotumors of the nail and provide precise data about their characteristics and can support diagnosis and surgery and can allow a better definition and improvement of the cosmetic outcome of the treatment.

Besides its diagnostic impact, sonography is also well suited for the guidance of interventional treatment, such as percutaneous sclerotherapy, and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed in detail.

The demonstration of the feasibility of hair MRI potentially adds a new tool to the large variety of analytical methods used nowadays in the development of hair care products.

Ultrasound can be useful to plan BCC surgery, it can recognize lesions, layers of involvement and vascularity patterns in a non-invasive way, and it can show subclinical satellite lesions, even though the number of subclinical cases is small and require further investigations.

Adequate treatment of PTT requires skilled histopathologic examination for proper diagnosis; histologic appearance may not correlate with clinical behavior.

It is proposed that AKN may be considered a cutaneous marker for the metabolic syndrome but casecontrol studies will be necessary to validate this clinical observation and it is hoped that these findings will stimulate other dermatologists to search for such an association.

A brief review of the salient elements of hair structure, chemistry, and the fundamental interplay that contributes to the properties of the hair fiber and its response to treatments are provided.

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